Nrog rau kev vam meej ntawm tib neeg thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg, tib neeg cov kev xav tau ntawm textiles tsis yog tsuas yog kev ua haujlwm yooj yim xwb, tab sis kuj them nyiaj ntau dua rau lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntsuab thiab ntuj ecology.Niaj hnub no, thaum tib neeg tawm tswv yim txog ntuj thiab ntsuab noj, kev nyab xeeb ntawm textiles tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau tus neeg nyiam.Cov lus nug ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv textile puas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb uas tib neeg tau saib xyuas ntxiv rau cov tshuaj thiab zaub mov.
Textile hais txog lub ntuj fiber ntau thiab tshuaj fiber ntau li raw cov ntaub ntawv, los ntawm spinning, weaving, dyeing thiab lwm yam kev siv tshuab los yog xaws, composite thiab lwm yam technology thiab ua los ntawm cov khoom.Xws li khaub ncaws textiles, hniav textiles, industrial textiles.
Cov khaub ncaws textiles suav nrog:(1) txhua yam khaub ncaws;(2) txhua yam ntawm textile fabrics siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov khaub ncaws;(3) hauv ob sab phlu, padding, filling, hniav xov, xaws xov thiab lwm yam textile accessories.
Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj muaj xws li: (1) cov khoom siv sab hauv - cov ntaub (kab hlaub, kab hlau rhuav), rooj textiles (napkins, rooj ntaub), rooj tog textiles (cov ntaub kos duab sofa, rooj tog npog), kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv (txaj ornaments, ntaub pua plag);(2) Lub txaj txaj (pob txaj, ntaub npog, hauv ncoo, hauv ncoo phuam, thiab lwm yam);(3) Cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov (tsev pheeb suab ntaub, kaus, thiab lwm yam).
I .Kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm ntawm textiles
(1) Cov khoom zoo li kev nyab xeeb tsim cov cai.Cov cim tseem ceeb yog:
1.Dimensional stability: nws yog tsuas yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub dimension hloov tus nqi ntawm qhuav tu thiab qhov seem hloov tus nqi ntawm ntxuav.Nws yog hais txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tom qab ntxuav lossis ntxuav kom qhuav thiab tom qab ziab.Qhov zoo ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tus nqi kev ua haujlwm ntawm textiles thiab cov nyhuv ntawm cov khaub ncaws.
2.Adhesive hauv ob sab phlu lub zog: nyob rau hauv suits, tsho loj thiab lub tsho, cov ntaub yog npog nrog ib tug txheej ntawm nonwoven adhesive hauv ob sab phlu los yog woven adhesive hauv ob sab phlu, thiaj li hais tias cov ntaub muaj qhov sib thooj tawv thiab resilience, thaum ua rau cov neeg siv khoom tsis yooj yim rau deformation thiab tawm. ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hnav, ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm "skeleton" ntawm lub tsoos tsho.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas lub zog nplaum ntawm cov nplaum nplaum thiab cov ntaub tom qab hnav thiab ntxuav.
3.Pilling: Pilling hais txog qib ntawm pilling ntawm cov ntaub tom qab kev sib txhuam.Cov tsos ntawm cov ntaub yuav tsis zoo tom qab pilling, uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev zoo nkauj.
4.Stitch slippage los yog xov paj slippage: lub siab tshaj plaws slippage ntawm xov paj deb ntawm tus ntiv tes seam thaum tus ntiv tes seam yog stressed thiab stretched.Feem ntau yog hais txog cov slime crack degree ntawm lub ntsiab seams ntawm cov khoom tsoos tsho xws li lub tes tsho seam, armhole seam, sab seam thiab rov qab seam.Cov qib slippage tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus qauv ntsuas, uas qhia txog kev teeb tsa tsis raug ntawm cov xov paj warp thiab weft yarn nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv ob sab phlu thiab me me nruj, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov tsos ntawm hnav thiab txawm tsis hnav.
5.Kev tawg, tawg lossis jacking, tawg lub zog: rhuav lub zog coj cov ntaub kom dais lub siab tshaj plaws tawg quab yuam;Tear lub zog hais txog cov ntaub npuag yog ib qho khoom, nuv, lub zos kev nyuaj siab rupture thiab tawg tsim, xov paj los yog ntaub ntawm lub zos tuav, kom cov ntaub yog torn nyob rau hauv ob, thiab yog feem ntau hu ua kua muag: tawg, tawg pointer ntaub mechanical qhov chaw hu ua qhov nthuav dav thiab tawg tshwm sim, cov ntsuas no tsis tsim nyog, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev siv thiab kev pabcuam lub neej.
6.Cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau: qhia txog fiber ntau muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.Cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas qhia cov neeg siv khoom kom yuav cov khoom lag luam thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab cov khoom muaj nqis, qee qhov txhob txwm tshaj tawm rau shod, dhau rau fake, qee qhov cim ntawm random, tsis meej pem lub tswv yim, dag ntxias cov neeg siv khoom.
7. hnav tsis kam: yog hais txog qib ntawm cov ntaub tsis kam hnav, hnav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub puas, nws ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv ntev.
8.Appearance sewing yuav tsum: nrog rau kev ntsuas ntawm specifications, defects deg, xaws, ironing, xov, stains thiab xim txawv, thiab lwm yam., los soj ntsuam cov tsos los ntawm suav cov tsis xws luag.Tshwj xeeb, cov me nyuam mos yog ib pab pawg neeg tsis muaj zog, yeej ib txwm yog peb lub hom phiaj los tiv thaiv cov khoom, cov me nyuam mos siv textiles yog kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov menyuam yaus cov khoom siv niaj hnub, nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, kev nplij siab, cov niam txiv thiab tag nrho lub zej zog yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev saib xyuas.Piv txwv li, cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom siv nrog zippers, qhov ntev ntawm txoj hlua, qhov loj ntawm lub dab tshos, txoj hauj lwm xaws ntawm cov cim kev ruaj ntseg daim ntawv lo, cov kev cai ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab cov kev cai ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tag nrho muaj kev nyab xeeb.
(2) Siv cov ntaub, cov khoom siv txawm tias muaj cov khoom tsis zoo.Cov cim tseem ceeb yog:
Cov ntsiab lus formaldehyde:
1.Formaldehyde feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab thiab cov ntaub sib xyaw thiab ua tiav tiav ntawm qee cov khoom siv tsoos tsho.Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau tsis pub dawb, shrinkproof, wrinkle-pov thawj thiab yooj yim decontamination.Ua cov khaub ncaws textiles uas muaj formaldehyde ntau dhau, formaldehyde nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov neeg hnav yuav maj mam tso tawm, ua pa thiab daim tawv nqaij sib cuag los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, formaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm ua pa ib ntsuj av mucous daim nyias nyias thiab daim tawv nqaij tsim stimulation khaus, ua rau muaj feem xyuam rau cov kab mob thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau. mob qog noj ntshav, kev noj cov tshuaj formaldehyde mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau tsis qab los noj mov, poob phaus, tsis muaj zog, cov tsos mob xws li insomnia, toxicity rau cov me nyuam mos yog tshwm sim xws li mob hawb pob, tracheitis, chromosomal abnormalities, thiab tsis muaj zog.
2.PH tus nqi
PH tus nqi yog qhov feem ntau siv qhov ntsuas uas qhia txog lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkalinity, feem ntau ntawm 0 ~ 14 tus nqi.Tib neeg daim tawv nqaij nqa ib txheej ntawm cov kua qaub uas tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob nkag mus.Yog li ntawd, textiles, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom uas tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog hais tias tus nqi pH tuaj yeem tswj tau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm nruab nrab tsis muaj zog acid.Yog tias tsis yog, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij, ua rau tawv nqaij puas, kab mob, thiab kab mob.
3. Xim ceev ceev
Xim ceev ceev yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov dyed los yog cov ntawv luam tawm kom khaws nws cov xim qub thiab luster (lossis kom tsis txhob ploj) nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ntau yam sab nraud thaum lub sij hawm dyeing, luam ntawv lossis siv.Xim ceev tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv textile, tab sis kuj ncaj qha ntsig txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev.Cov khoom siv textile, dyes lossis pigments nrog cov xim tsis tshua muaj nrawm tuaj yeem hloov mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau yooj yim, thiab cov organic sib txuas thiab cov hlau hnyav uas muaj nyob hauv lawv tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.Nyob rau hauv lub teeb, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg khaus;Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau erythema thiab papules ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.Tshwj xeeb, cov qaub ncaug thiab cov hnoos qeev xim nrawm nrawm ntawm cov khoom me nyuam mos yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb.Cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus tuaj yeem nqus cov xim los ntawm cov qaub ncaug thiab hws, thiab cov xim tsis zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus.
4.Ntsuab tsw
Substandard textiles feem ntau nrog ib co tsw, lub hav zoov ntawm tsw qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau ntau chemical residues ntawm textiles, uas yog qhov yooj yim qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom txiav txim.Tom qab qhib, cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug txiav txim kom muaj ntxhiab tsw yog tias nws tsw tsw ntawm ib los yog ntau tshaj ntawm musty, siab boiling range roj av, kerosene, ntses, los yog aromatic hydrocarbons.
5.Banned Azo Dyes
Txwv tsis pub azo dye nws tus kheej thiab tsis muaj cov nyhuv carcinogenic ncaj qha, tab sis nws nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xim tsis zoo, ib feem ntawm cov xim yuav raug xa mus rau tus neeg ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm textile, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov metabolism hauv tib neeg lub cev secretions. ntawm lom catalysis nyob rau hauv txo cov aromatic amine, maj mam absorbed los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau lub cev kab mob, thiab txawm tus thawj DNA qauv yuav hloov tau tib neeg lub cev, Induces cancer thiab thiaj li nyob.
6. Disperse Dyes
Allergic dyestuff hais txog qee yam dyestuff uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij, mucous membrane lossis ua pa ua pa tsis haum rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj.Tam sim no, tag nrho ntawm 27 hom sensitized dyes tau pom, suav nrog 26 hom disperse dyes thiab 1 hom acid dyes.Disperse dyes feem ntau yog siv rau dyeing ntshiab los yog blended khoom ntawm polyester, polyamide thiab acetate fibers.
7.Heavy hlau cov ntsiab lus
Kev siv cov hlau complexing dyes yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv textiles thiab cov nroj tsuag ntuj fibers kuj yuav nqus cov hlau hnyav los ntawm cov av tsis huv los yog huab cua thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob thiab kev ua tiav.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khaub ncaws accessories xws li zippers, cov nyees khawm kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hlau hnyav dawb.Cov hlau hnyav hnyav heev nyob rau hauv textiles yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj heev thaum nqus los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
8. Tshuaj tua kab
Feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv natural fiber (paj rwb) tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab residue nyob rau hauv textiles yog feem ntau ruaj khov qauv, nyuaj rau oxidation, decomposition, toxicity, absorbed los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom accumulate stability nyob rau hauv lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau daim siab, raum, lub plawv cov ntaub so ntswg tsub zuj zuj, xws li cuam tshuam ib txwm secretion ntawm synthesis nyob rau hauv lub cev.Tso tawm, metabolism, thiab lwm yam.
9.Flammability ntawm cov khaub ncaws dav dav
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tshaj kaum qhov kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm textile combustion test method, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ib qho yog sim cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov pa oxygen, nitrogen, qhov feem pua ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tsim nyog los txhawb kev sib txuas. nyob rau hauv cov pa roj sib xyaw, cov ntsiab lus oxygen (tseem hu ua qhov txwv oxygen index), thiab qhov txwv oxygen index tau hais tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv combustion. Feem ntau, qhov qis dua qhov txwv oxygen index, qhov ntau dua cov ntaub ntawv yog hlawv. yog los soj ntsuam thiab kuaj cov nplaim taws ntawm textile thiab tom qab ntawd tshwm sim combustion (xws li cov pa taws combustion). Raws li txoj cai ntsuas, muaj ntau qhov ntsuas los qhia qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo los piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas, xws li seb tus qauv puas raug hlawv, yaj, carbonization, pyrolysis, shrinkage, crimping thiab yaj poob, thiab lwm yam.Nws kuj muaj ntau qhov ntsuas los piav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas, xws li combustion ntev lossis dav ( los yog combustion tus nqi), lub sij hawm ignition, lub sij hawm txuas ntxiv, lub sij hawm smoldering, nplaim taws kis lub sij hawm, puas cheeb tsam thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov nplaim taws, thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-10-2021