Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm tib neeg thiab kev txhim kho ntawm lub zej zog, tib neeg cov kev xav tau rau cov ntaub tsis yog tsuas yog cov haujlwm yooj yim xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntsuab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig. Niaj hnub no, thaum tib neeg tawm tswv yim txog kev siv cov khoom siv ntuj thiab ntsuab, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov ntaub tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau tus neeg lub siab. Lo lus nug txog seb cov ntaub puas muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb uas tib neeg them sai sai rau ntxiv rau tshuaj thiab zaub mov.
Cov ntaub ntawv yog hais txog cov fiber ntuj thiab cov tshuaj fiber ua cov khoom siv raw, los ntawm kev sib hloov, kev xaws, kev zas xim thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis lossis kev xaws, kev sib xyaw thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis thiab ua los ntawm cov khoom. Xws li cov ntaub khaub ncaws, cov ntaub zoo nkauj, cov ntaub lag luam.
Cov khaub ncaws ntaub suav nrog:(1) txhua yam khaub ncaws; (2) txhua yam ntaub textile siv rau hauv kev tsim khaub ncaws; (3) sab hauv, padding, filling, xov dai kom zoo nkauj, xov xaws thiab lwm yam khoom siv textile.
Cov ntaub dai kom zoo nkauj suav nrog: (1) cov khoom siv sab hauv tsev - cov ntaub thaiv qhov rais (cov ntaub thaiv qhov rais, cov ntaub thaiv qhov rais), cov ntaub rooj (cov ntaub so ntswg, cov ntaub rooj), cov ntaub rooj tog (cov ntaub kos duab rooj zaum, cov ntaub npog rooj tog), kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tsev (cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj txaj, cov ntaub pua plag); (2) Cov ntaub pua chaw pw (cov ntaub npog txaj, cov ntaub npog pam, cov ntaub npog hauv ncoo, cov phuam hauv ncoo, thiab lwm yam); (3) Cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov (cov tsev pheeb suab, cov kaus, thiab lwm yam).
Kuv. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub
(1) Cov kev cai tsim qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom. Cov cim qhia tseem ceeb yog:
1.Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev: feem ntau yog muab faib ua qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev ntxuav qhuav thiab qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev ntxuav. Nws hais txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub tom qab ntxuav lossis ntxuav qhuav thiab tom qab ntawd ziab. Qhov zoo ntawm kev ruaj khov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub thiab kev hnav khaub ncaws.
2. Lub zog ntawm daim ntaub nplaum: hauv cov khaub ncaws, cov tsho loj thiab cov tsho, cov ntaub yog npog nrog ib txheej ntawm cov ntaub nplaum uas tsis yog woven lossis cov ntaub nplaum uas woven, kom cov ntaub muaj qhov tawv thiab lub zog sib xws, thaum ua rau cov neeg siv khoom tsis yooj yim rau deformation thiab tawm ntawm cov duab thaum hnav, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm "pob txha" ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj lub zog nplaum ntawm daim ntaub nplaum thiab cov ntaub tom qab hnav thiab ntxuav.
3. Pilling: Pilling yog hais txog qib ntawm pilling ntawm daim ntaub tom qab kev sib txhuam. Cov tsos ntawm daim ntaub yuav zuj zus tom qab pilling, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo nkauj.
4. Kev plam ntawm xov lossis kev plam ntawm xov: qhov kev plam siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov xov tawm ntawm cov xov ntiv tes thaum cov xov ntiv tes raug nias thiab ncab. Feem ntau hais txog qib tawg ntawm cov xov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khaub ncaws xws li cov xov tes tsho, cov xov qhov caj npab, cov xov sab thiab cov xov nraub qaum. Qib plam tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus qauv ntsuas, uas qhia txog kev teeb tsa tsis raug ntawm cov xov warp thiab weft hauv cov ntaub hauv pem teb thiab qhov nruj me me, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo li hnav thiab txawm tias tsis tuaj yeem hnav.
5.Kev tawg, kev rhuav lossis kev rub, lub zog tawg: lub zog tawg coj cov ntaub kom dais lub zog tawg siab tshaj plaws; lub zog rhuav yog hais txog cov ntaub woven yog ib yam khoom, nuv, kev ntxhov siab hauv zos tawg thiab tawg, xov lossis ntaub ntawm qhov tuav hauv zos, yog li cov ntaub raug rhuav ua ob, thiab feem ntau hu ua kev rhuav: tawg, qhov taw qhia tawg ntawm cov ntaub khoom siv hu ua qhov tshwm sim nthuav dav thiab tawg, cov cim no tsis tsim nyog, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev siv thiab lub neej kev pabcuam.
6.Cov fiber ntau: qhia txog cov fiber ntau thiab ntau npaum li cas uas muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub. Cov fiber ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom kom yuav ib yam khoom thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, qee qhov txhob txwm ua rau khau tsis zoo, qee qhov ua rau cuav, qee qhov cim tsis raug, ua rau lub tswv yim tsis meej, dag cov neeg siv khoom.
7. hnav tsis kam: hais txog qib ntawm cov ntaub tsis kam hnav, hnav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub, nws ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm cov ntaub.
8. Cov kev cai xaws zoo li cas: suav nrog kev ntsuas cov lus qhia, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw, xaws, ironing, xov, cov xim tsis zoo thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm xim, thiab lwm yam, los ntsuas qhov zoo li cas los ntawm kev suav cov qhov tsis zoo. Tshwj xeeb, cov menyuam mos ua ib pawg neeg tsis muaj zog, peb ib txwm tsom mus rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom, cov menyuam mos siv cov ntaub yog kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov menyuam yaus cov khoom siv niaj hnub, nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, kev nplij siab, niam txiv thiab tag nrho lub zej zog yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas. Piv txwv li, cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom nrog zippers, qhov ntev ntawm txoj hlua, qhov loj ntawm lub dab tshos, qhov chaw xaws ntawm lub cim lag luam ruaj khov, cov kev cai ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab cov kev cai ntawm qhov luam ntawv txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog kev nyab xeeb.
(2) Cov ntaub siv lawm, cov khoom siv seb puas muaj cov tshuaj lom. Cov cim qhia tseem ceeb yog：
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm formaldehyde:
1.Feem ntau siv formaldehyde rau kev ua kom tiav cov ntaub textile fiber thiab cov ntaub sib xyaw thiab ua kom tiav qee yam khoom siv khaub ncaws. Nws muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev ironing dawb, tsis muaj shrinkage, tsis muaj wrinkle thiab yooj yim ntxuav. Ua cov khaub ncaws textiles uas muaj formaldehyde ntau dhau, formaldehyde thaum hnav yuav maj mam tso tawm, ua pa thiab kov daim tawv nqaij los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, formaldehyde hauv lub cev ua rau cov hlab pa thiab daim tawv nqaij ua rau muaj kev txhawb zog heev, ua rau muaj kab mob thiab ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Kev noj formaldehyde tsawg hauv lub sijhawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xav noj mov, poob phaus, tsis muaj zog, cov tsos mob xws li pw tsis tsaug zog. Kev lom rau cov menyuam mos yog pom tias yog mob hawb pob, mob tracheitis, chromosomal abnormalities, thiab txo qis kev tiv thaiv.
2. Tus nqi PH
Tus nqi PH yog ib qho ntsuas uas feem ntau siv uas qhia txog lub zog ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkalinity, feem ntau ntawm 0 ~ 14 tus nqi. Tib neeg daim tawv nqaij nqa ib txheej ntawm cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog los tiv thaiv kab mob nkag mus. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom uas nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog tias tus nqi pH tuaj yeem tswj tau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog. Yog tias tsis yog, nws tuaj yeem ua rau khaus daim tawv nqaij, ua rau daim tawv nqaij puas tsuaj, cov kab mob, thiab kab mob.
3. Xim Ceev
Kev ruaj khov xim yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub dyed lossis luam tawm kom khaws nws cov xim qub thiab ci ntsa iab (lossis tsis ploj mus) nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm ntau yam sab nraud thaum lub sijhawm dyeing, luam ntawv lossis siv. Kev ruaj khov xim tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom textile, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom textile, dyes lossis pigments uas muaj kev ruaj khov xim qis tuaj yeem yooj yim hloov mus rau daim tawv nqaij, thiab cov organic compounds thiab cov hlau hnyav ions uas muaj nyob hauv lawv tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv cov xwm txheej me me, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg khaus; hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau erythema thiab papules ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab txawm tias ua rau mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov ntsuas qhov ruaj khov xim ntawm cov khoom menyuam yaus yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus tuaj yeem nqus xim los ntawm cov qaub ncaug thiab hws, thiab cov xim tsis zoo hauv cov ntaub yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus.
4. Tsw ntxhiab tshwj xeeb
Cov ntaub tsis zoo feem ntau muaj qee qhov tsw ntxhiab, qhov muaj ntxhiab tsw qhia tias muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ntau dhau ntawm cov ntaub, uas yog qhov qhia yooj yim tshaj plaws rau cov neeg siv khoom los txiav txim siab. Tom qab qhib, cov ntaub yuav raug txiav txim siab tias muaj ntxhiab tsw yog tias nws muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm ib lossis ntau yam roj av, roj kerosene, ntses, lossis cov roj carbon uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab.
5. Txwv tsis pub siv cov xim Azo
Txwv tsis pub siv azo zas xim nws tus kheej thiab tsis muaj cov teebmeem carcinogenic ncaj qha, tab sis nws nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tsis zoo xim ceev, ib feem ntawm cov zas xim yuav raug hloov mus rau tus neeg daim tawv nqaij los ntawm cov ntaub, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov metabolism ib txwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev secretions ntawm biological catalysis nyob rau hauv kev txo qis ntawm aromatic amine, maj mam nqus los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau lub cev kab mob, thiab txawm tias cov qauv DNA thawj tuaj yeem hloov pauv tib neeg lub cev, Induces mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam.
6. Tshem tawm cov xim pleev xim
Cov xim pleev ua xua yog hais txog qee cov xim pleev uas ua rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj ua xua rau daim tawv nqaij, daim nyias nyias lossis txoj hlab pa. Tam sim no, muaj tag nrho 27 hom xim pleev ua xua, suav nrog 26 hom xim pleev disperse thiab 1 hom xim pleev acid. Cov xim pleev disperse feem ntau siv rau kev pleev cov khoom ntshiab lossis sib xyaw ntawm polyester, polyamide thiab acetate fibers.
7. Cov ntsiab lus hlau hnyav
Kev siv cov xim hlau sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv cov ntaub thiab cov nroj tsuag ntuj kuj tseem tuaj yeem nqus cov hlau hnyav los ntawm cov av lossis huab cua uas muaj kuab paug thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob thiab ua cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv khaub ncaws xws li zippers, khawm kuj tseem yuav muaj cov hlau hnyav dawb. Cov hlau hnyav ntau dhau hauv cov ntaub yuav ua rau muaj kev lom loj heev thaum lub cev tib neeg nqus tau los ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
8. Cov Tshuaj Tua Kab Tsuag
Feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab ntuj (paj rwb), cov tshuaj tua kab hauv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog cov qauv ruaj khov, nyuaj rau oxidation, decomposition, lom, nqus los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom khaws cia kev ruaj khov muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau lub siab, lub raum, lub plawv cov ntaub so ntswg, xws li kev cuam tshuam ib txwm tso tawm ntawm kev sib xyaw hauv lub cev. Tso tawm, metabolism, thiab lwm yam.
9. Kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov khaub ncaws dav dav
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tshaj kaum txoj kev sim kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sim tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ib qho yog sim cov qauv ntaub sib txawv hauv cov pa oxygen, nitrogen, feem pua ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas tsim nyog los txhawb kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pa oxygen, cov ntsiab lus oxygen (tseem hu ua qhov ntsuas oxygen txwv), thiab qhov ntsuas oxygen txwv hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub. Feem ntau, qhov ntsuas oxygen txwv qis dua, qhov yuav muaj feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub yuav hlawv. Qhov thib ob yog saib thiab sim qhov taw tes nplaim taws ntawm cov ntaub thiab tom qab ntawd tshwm sim kev sib xyaw ua ke (suav nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pa luam yeeb). Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sim, muaj ntau cov ntsuas los piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub. Muaj cov ntsuas zoo los piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, xws li seb cov qauv puas raug hlawv, yaj, carbonization, pyrolysis, shrinkage, crimping thiab yaj poob, thiab lwm yam. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntsuas kom piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, xws li qhov ntev lossis dav ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke (lossis tus nqi sib xyaw ua ke), lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua ke, lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv, lub sijhawm smoldering, lub sijhawm sib kis nplaim taws, thaj chaw puas tsuaj thiab tus lej ntawm kev raug nplaim taws, thiab lwm yam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-10-2021